If you suspect your dog ate something toxic, contact a vet or a local veterinary poison service immediately. Remove access to the rest, keep the packaging and note what was eaten, how much and when. Do not wait for symptoms or induce vomiting unless a veterinary professional tells you to.

Foods requiring particular caution

  • Grapes and raisins: these can damage the kidneys. Keep them away completely and ask for advice after any suspected ingestion.
  • Chocolate, cocoa and caffeine: risk depends on the product and amount. Cocoa powder and dark chocolate can be especially concerning. The package helps a vet assess the exposure.
  • Xylitol: this sweetener may be in gum, sweets, sugar-free products, some nut butters and dental products. It can cause dangerously low blood sugar and liver injury.
  • Onion, garlic, leek and chives: these Allium foods can damage red blood cells. Ingredients in cooked dishes and powders count too.
  • Macadamia nuts, alcohol and unbaked yeast dough: ASPCA also lists these among dangerous exposures.

This is not a complete list. Bones may cause injury or obstruction even though they are not a chemical toxin. Very fatty or salty leftovers create other risks. Keep human medicines and supplements inaccessible as well.

Have this ready when you call

Give the dog’s approximate weight, the exact product and ingredients, possible amount, time of ingestion and any signs you have seen. If several pets had access, explain that too. The veterinary team will decide whether examination, treatment or monitoring is needed. Looking well at first does not rule out danger.

Do not give home remedies, milk, salt or activated charcoal on your own. Treatment depends on the substance and the dog’s condition. If the dog is convulsing, cannot stand or struggles to breathe, head to an emergency vet while you contact the clinic.

Prevent another exposure

Store hazardous foods in closed cupboards and ask visitors and children not to share food without checking. Read labels on treats and ‘sugar-free’ products. For simpler options, see what dogs can eat, strawberries and banana. Safety depends on the species and the exact ingredient.

Sources consulted

This guide provides general information. If your pet has symptoms, pain or a sudden change in behaviour, speak to a veterinarian. Read our editorial policy.